Kurukshetra War Day 1

When the battle commenced, Bhishma went through the Pandava army wreaking havoc wherever he went. Abhimanyu, Arjuna's son, seeing this went straight at Bhishma, defeated his bodyguards and directly attacked the commander of the Kaurava forces. The Pandavas suffered numerous losses and were defeated at the end of the first day. Virata's sons, Uttara and Sweta, were slain by Shalya and Bhishma. Krishna consoled the distraught Yudhisthira saying that eventually victory would be his.

Chola Dyasty

Western Satraps

Decline of satavahana Dynasty

kings of Yajna Satakarni's line succeeded him, and continued to rule till about the mid 200s CE. However, the dynasty was soon extinguished following the rise of its feudatories, perhaps on account of a decline in central power.

Several dynasties divided the lands of the kingdom among themselves. Among them were:

• Western Satraps in the northwestern part of the kingdom.
• Andhra Ikshvakus (or Srīparvatiyas) in the Krishna-Guntur region. (r. 220–320 CE).
• Abhiras in the western part of the kingdom. They were ultimately to succeed the Sātavāhanas in their capital Pratishthānapura.
• Chutus of Banavasi in North Karnataka.
• Kadambas of Banavasi in North Karnataka.
• Pallavas of Kanchipuram, of whom the first ruler was Simhavarman I (r. 275–300 CE).

satavahnas development

Vaijayanti (in North Kanara) and Amravati (in the Guntur district) attained eminence during the Satvahana period..
Satavahanas were the lovers of literature and architecture

satavahanas

The Satavahanas were one of the first Indian states to issue coins struck with their rulers embossed.

Gautamiputra Sri Yajna Satakarni

Satavahana Dynasty

Satavahana Dynasty was the first Deccanese dynasty to build an empire in daksinapatha (southern region).Gautamiputra Satakarni was the famous king during the Satvahana dynasty.Vaijayanti (in North Kanara) and Amravati (in the Guntur district), attained eminence during the Satvahana period.

Kanva Dynasty

The Sunga dynasty was replaced by the Kanva dynasty.The Kanva dynasty was a Brahman dynasty founded by Vasudeva Kanva.This dynasty ruled in the Eastern part of India from 75 BCE to 30 BCE.

Sunga Dynasty

After the Mauryan Rule,Sunga dynasty was formed by Pushyamitra Sunga,after 50years of Ashoka's death.Pushyamitra Sunga became the ruler of the Magadha and neighbouring territories.While there is much debate on the religious politics of the Sunga dynasty, it is recognized for a number of contributions. Art, education, philosophy, and other learning flowered during this period. Most notably, Patanjali's Yoga Sutras and Mahabhasya were composed in this period. It is also noted for its subsequent mention in the Malavikaagnimitra. This work was composed by Kalidasa in the later Gupta period, and romanticized the love of Malavika and King Agnimitra, with a background of court intrigue.

Maurya Dynasty

The Maurya Empire was one of the world's largest empires in its time, and the largest ever in the Indian subcontinent.The Empire was founded in 322 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya with help of Chanakya, a Brahmin teacher at Takshashila. Chandragupta Maurya had overthrown the Nanda Dynasty and rapidly expanded his power westwards across central and western India taking advantage of the disruptions of local powers in the wake of the withdrawal westward by Alexander the Great's Greek and Persian armies. By 320 BCE the empire had fully occupied Northwestern India, defeating and conquering the satraps left by Alexander.

The Maurya Empire ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 322 to 185 BCE. Originating from the kingdom of Magadha in the Indo-Gangetic plains (modern Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh) in the eastern side of the Indian subcontinent, the empire had its capital city at Pataliputra (modern Patna).

Alexander Invasion

Alexander invaded Punjab, or land of the five rivers. The Battle of the Hydaspes River was fought by Alexander in May 326 BC against king Raja Puru (Poros) a Kshatriya on the Hydaspes River (Jhelum River) in the Punjab of Pakistan, near Bhera.

Though it is said that Alexander defeated Puru with great difficulty,admired Puru and appointed him as satrap there is another controversy saying that Poros defeated alexander and that is the reason why Indian contemporaries of Alexander had often neglected the invasion of Alexander.Kautilya should not have missed out the invasion of Alexander had it been of a greater importance.

                                        

Are Indians descendants of Aryans??

A definite reason for the sudden decline of the Indus Valley Civilization is still elusive, since there are no reliable records for the period, historians can only speculate.The possibility of the Aryans being involved in such a conflict seems unlikely, especially since recent excavations have shown that the Aryans arrived almost 500 years after the decline of the major Indus Valley Civilization's cities

http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indians-are-not-descendants-of-aryans-study/1/163645.html

Indus Valley Civilisation

The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze age(The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze) civilisation (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent.

The civilization was spread over some 1,260,000 km², making it the largest known ancient civilization

earliest first fossil evidence dating to around 1.8 million years ago in India

http://news.nationalgeographic.co.in/news/2005/11/1114_051114_india.html